Asian Metal:?As one of the top 500 private companies in China, would you please first give an introduction on your company?

Mr. Tan: Bosai Group was set up in August 1994, and now it has a total asset of over RMB10 billion (USD1.49 billion) and has an annual production revenue of over RMB20 billion (USD2.98 billion). Of our more than 7,000 employees around the world, over 1,200 are from other countries. As a company having over 10 large-sized production bases and branches in Chongqing, Sichuan, Guyana (South Africa), Ghana (Africa), Germany and other regions, Bosai Group is one of the first and most successful companies opening to the world in Chongqing and even in China.

Around the world, Bosai Group boasts over 300 million tons of high-quality bauxite resources and over 30 million tons of high-grade manganese ores. All the way, we have been insisting upon co-development of aluminum and ferroalloy businesses which are our two major businesses. Now the company has the following production capacities including 6.5 million tons of bauxite per year, 300,000tpy of high-Al calcined bauxite, 200,000tpy of brown fused alumina, 1.6 million tons of alumina per year, 330,000tpy of primary aluminum, and processing capacities of 150,000tpy of aluminum product and 550,000tpy of silicomanganese. In 2019 we will build a new production capacity of 600,000tpy of manganese concentrate and another 200,000tpy of high-Al calcined bauxite capacity.

Asian Metal: Regarding your brown fused alumina business, I learn that your company used to have seven furnaces in Nanchuan and now this figure has expanded to 16 in total. Would you please briefly introduce your development history and product structure?

Mr. Tan: Our brown fused alumina section originated from the seven furnaces in Nanchuan and later expanded into a total of 25 furnaces located in Guizhou and Guangxi. Later, in response to Chongqing government policies on investment-inviting and on intensive management on local industries, all these furnaces were moved to Fuling district, Chongqing city. Resorting to advantages such as favorable electricity prices in Chongqing and our proximity to the Yangtze River, we began to produce high-grade refractory materials with high-Al low-Si calcined bauxite from Guyana as raw material. At present, high-grade refractory material output accounts for about 90% of our total production.

Asian Metal: Over the recent three years, Chinese government attaches increasing importance to environmental protection and keeps consummating its policies on environmental protection and safety production. Brown fused alumina industry, as an industry consuming large quantities of energy, has been under great impacts. What are your measures in response to increasingly strict environmental inspections in China, and what are your achievements?

Mr. Tan: As a new plant just going into operation in 2015, Chongqing Saite Corundum has done quite a lot of work to improve its environmental performance. So far we have invested about RMB40 million (USD5.96 million) into environmental facilities and have realized clean production. We also carry out many publicity and training activities on environmental protection and have greatly enhanced environmental protection awareness of our employees.

Asian Metal: As far as I know, Chinese brown fused alumina producers reported declining output over the past two years as a result of both strict environmental inspections and supply shortage of raw materials. What was your brown fused alumina output in 2018 and what will it be in 2019?

Mr. Tan: Our brown fused alumina output was only 100,000t in 2018 affected by tight supply of raw material, and is expected to be 140,000t in 2019 as we will transport calcined bauxite from overseas mines.

Asian Metal:?What are the domestic and overseas proportions in your total selling? How do you think of development trend of the Chinese export market?

Mr. Tan: Currently, 80% of our brown fused alumina output is sold on the domestic market while the remaining 20% sold on overseas markets, but we believe that the export share will increase in our total sales. In the past years, there were many illegal activities existing in the Chinese export market, such as tariff dodging and smuggling, which prevented the market from moving ahead in a healthy way. But Chinese government has adjusted its tax policies and consummated monitoring system, and moreover, consummated cross-border trading procedures and cracked down hard on tariff dodging, so we believe that export prices for brown fused alumina will rise to some extent and we will become competitive in the export market.

Asian Metal:?Development of brown fused alumina industry highly depends on natural mineral resources. But in recent years China has set limitative policies upon bauxite mining and supply of high-quality bauxite becomes increasingly tight, driving its prices up continuously. What is your opinion on this situation? From 2017 to 2018, supply of high-quality bauxite was quite tight and many brown fused alumina producers faced a plight of nowhere to source raw material at all, which is why supply of brown fused alumina also became tight. How did your company ensure your production and supply as well as product quality?

Mr. Tan: Bauxite is the main raw material for brown fused alumina and Chinese alumina producers also have great demand for the material. With environmental inspections in China becoming stricter, bauxite producers have invested a lot into their production process and equipment, and accordingly their costs keep increasing. We believe that prices for abrasive-grade calcined bauxite will go up further and its supply shortage will exist for a long time. As we have overseas production bases for bauxite and also as we are close to the Yangtze River, we have transported 40,000t of abrasive grade calcined bauxite to China so far this year, which absolutely can ensure our normal production. Now we plan to build a abrasive grade calcined bauxite base in China which will use overseas high-quality bauxite as raw material. By doing this, we can effectively ensure raw material supply and therefore can ensure our capacity and quality of brown fused alumina supply.

Asian Metal:?In response to China's limitation policy on high-grade bauxite mining, many Chinese brown fused alumina producers and calcined bauxite producers have been trying to source bauxite resources in overseas markets and even consider building plants in other countries. How do you think of this phenomenon?

Mr. Tan: To build plants overseas, you have to evaluate a few factors. For example, can you ensure production safety and large-amount investments? And moreover, it takes a quite long time for such plants to see yields after investments have been made. In my opinion, Chinese brown fused alumina companies are usually of no great size and it will be difficult for them to expand businesses into other countries as such activities have great potential risks and require large-amount investment funds.

Asian Metal:?In your opinion, what is the future development direction for Chinese brown fused alumina industry?

Mr. Tan: As an abrasive material, brown fused alumina is compared into the teeth of industries as it is a fundamental material for industrial production and all industries need it. We believe that, as Chinese government keeps imposing stricter requirements on environmental protection and further consummates related tax and cost policies, many small-sized production companies and tax-dodging companies will be weeded out, while those having advantages in resources and environmental performances will surely stand out.

Asian Metal:?Under the background of intensifying international trade conflicts and increasing environmental pressure in the Chinese domestic market, how do you think of the current brown fused alumina market and its price trend?

Mr. Tan: Brown fused alumina is a product whose production highly depends on supply of natural resources. As more investments are made into raw material mining and safety/environmental protection facilities in China, brown fused alumina prices are expected to stabilize and also show an upward trend in the future.

Asian Metal:?My last question is about the VAT rate cut policy which came into effect on April 1. Market participants think differently about its impacts, and what is your opinion on influences of the 3% reduction on brown fused alumina prices?

Mr. Tan: First, though the VAT rate cut policy also applies to power suppliers of brown fused alumina producers, the latter still have to pay for power consumption at unchanged rates. In another word, electricity rates have increased in reality. Moreover, prices for calcined bauxite have risen by RMB250/t (USD37.26/t) since the Spring Festival ended, while brown fused alumina prices did not change. At present, as calcined bauxite supply in Shanxi and Henan is tight, consumers in those two provinces all go to Guizhou to purchase calcined bauxite. Calcined bauxite prices have been on the rise recently and some producers have raised their prices by RMB100/t (USD14.91/t) from early this month. So my personal opinion is that brown fused alumina prices will be under only temporary influences of the 3% reduction in VAT rates; instead, it's inevitable for them to keep rising in the future.